What is an example of a cognitive learning action?

Cognitive learning actions involve mental processes such as thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, and understanding. Evaluating a hypothesis is a clear example of a cognitive learning action because it requires critical thinking and analytical skills. When a learner evaluates a hypothesis, they must assess evidence, draw conclusions based on logic, and consider implications—all of which are key cognitive processes.

In contrast, the other options involve different types of learning or engagement. Listening to music, while it can aid cognitive processes indirectly, does not inherently require the mental manipulation of information in the way evaluating a hypothesis does. Building a model represents a more hands-on or kinesthetic form of learning where physical creation and spatial reasoning are prominent, rather than abstract reasoning. Participating in a group discussion promotes social learning and engagement but focuses more on interpersonal communication and collaborative thinking rather than the solitary cognitive evaluation required for assessing a hypothesis. Thus, evaluating a hypothesis stands out as a distinctly cognitive action, emphasizing critical engagement with knowledge.